职称英语卫生B级考试练习题1 TheTricksofSupermarkets Youmayhavewonderedwhythesupermarketsareallthesame.Itisnotb下面是小编为大家整理的职称英语卫生B级考试练习题,菁选3篇,供大家参考。
职称英语卫生B级考试练习题1
The Tricks of Supermarkets
You may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the
companies that operate them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people tobuy things.
In the supermarket, it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why thearea immediately inside the entrance is known as the "decompression zone". People need to slowdown and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is bit of a loss, so it tendsto be used more for promotion.
Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetablessection. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged, so theyshould be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here? Itturns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people feel lessguilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.
Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariably placed towards the backof a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers. But supermarkets know shoppersknow this, so they use other tricks, like placing popular items halfway along a section so thatpeople have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost "dwell time": thelength of time people spend in a store.
Traditionally retailers measure "football", as the number of people entering a store is known,but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there. Butnowadays, a piece of technology can fill the gap: the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a Britishcompany tracked people"s phones at Gunwharf Quays, a large retailer centre in Portsmouth--notby monitoring calls, but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically tocellular networks. It found that when dwell time rose by 1%, sales rose by 1.3%.
Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about howshoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about whatto buy, considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious forces, involvingemotion and memories, are clearly also at work.
31. In Paragraph 2, "decompression zone" is the area meant to __________.
A. prepare shoppers for the mood of buying
B. offer shoppers a place to have a rest
C. encourage shoppers to try new products
D. provide shoppers with discount information
32. Putting the fruit-and-vegetable section near the entrance takes advantage of shoppers" __________.
A. common sense
B. shopping habits
C. shopping psychology
D. concerns with time
33. Path Intelligence uses a technology to __________.
A. measure how long people stay at a store
B. count how many people enter a store
C. find out what people buy in a store
D. monitor what people say and do in a store
34. What happened at Gunwharf Quays showed that sales __________.
A. were reversely linked to dwell time
B. were in direct proportion to dwell time
C. were affected more by football than by dwell time
D. were affected more by dwell time than by football
35. The best title for the passage is __________.
A. New Technology Boosts Stores" Sales
B. How Shoppers Make Choices in Stores
C. The Science behind Stores" Arrangements
D. Rational and Irrational Ways of Shopping
职称英语卫生B级考试练习题2
Easy Death
In ancient Greece, the term euthanatos meant "easy death". Today euthanasia (安乐死)generally refers to mercy killing, the voluntary ( 自愿的 ) ending of the life of someone who isterminally ill. Like abortion, euthanasia has become a legal, medical, and moral issue over whichopinion is divided.
Euthanasia can be either active or passive. Active euthanasia means that a physician or othermedical personnel take an action that will result in death, such as giving an overdose of deadlymedicine. Passive euthanasia means letting a patient die of lack of treatment, or stopping thetreatment that has begun. Examples of passive euthanasia include taking patients off a breathingmachine or removing other life-support systems. Stopping the food sup* is also considered passive.
A good deal of debate about mercy killing originates from the decision-making process. Whodecides whether a patient is to die? This issue has not been solved legally in the United States. Thematter is left to state law, which usually allows the physician in charge to suggest the option ofdeath to a patient"s relatives, especially if the patient is brain dead. In an attempt to make decisionsabout when their own lives should end, several terminally ill patients in the early 1990s used acontroversial * device, developed by Dr. Jack Kevorkian, to end their lives.
In parts of Europe, the decision-making process has become very flexible. Even in caseswhere the patients are not brain dead, patients have been put to death without their approval at therequest of relatives or at the suggestion of physicians. Many cases of passive euthanasia involve oldpeople or newborn infants. The principle justifying this practice is that such individuals have a "lifenot worthy of life".
In countries where passive euthanasia is not legal, the court systems have proved very tolerantin dealing with medical personnel who practice it. In Japan, for example, if physicians followcertain guidelines they may actively carry out mercy killings on hopelessly ill people. Courts havealso been somewhat tolerant of friends or relatives who have assisted terminally ill patients to die.
36. A terminally ill patient is one who __________.
A. gets worse every day
B. can never get well again
C. is very seriously ill in the end
D. is too ill to want to live on
37. The difference between active and passive euthanasia is whether __________.
A. there is an action that speeds up the death of the patient
B. the breathing machine is taken off the patient
C. an overdose of deadly medicine is used
D. the patient is denied food sup*
38. According to the passage, who has the legal responsibility to decide on euthanasia?
A. The national or state government.
B. The patient"s relatives.
C. Physicians in charge of the patient.
D. The answer varies from country to country.
39. The principle justifying passive euthanasia in Europe is that terminally ill patients are __________.
A. living a life without consciousness
B. living a life that can hardly be called life
C. too old or too weak to live on
D. too old or too young to approve of euthanasia
40. The attitude of the writer toward euthanasia is __________.
A. negative
B. positive
C. objective
D. casual
职称英语卫生B级考试练习题3
Factors to Influence the Life Span
People are living longer than ever, but for some reason, women are living longer than men. Ababy boy born in the United States in 2003 can expect to live to be about 73, but a baby girl, about79. This is indeed a wide gap, and no one really knows why it exists. The greater longevity ( 长寿 )of woman, however, has been known for centuries. It was, for example, described in theseventeenth century. However, the difference was smaller then--the gap is growing. "
A number of reasons have been proposed to account for the differences: The gap is greatest inindustrialized societies, so it has been suggested that women are less susceptible to work strainsthat may raise the risk of heart disease and alcoholism. Sociologists also tell us that women areencouraged to be less adventurous than men (and this may be why they are more careful drivers,involved in fewer accidents).
Even smoking has been implicated in the age discrepancy. It was once suggested that workingwomen are more likely to smoke and as more women entered the work force, the age gap wouldbegin to close, because smoking is related to earlier deaths. Now, however, we see more womensmoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing shar*.
One puzzling aspect of the problem is that women do not appear to be as healthy as men. Thatis, they report far more illness. But when a man reports an illness, it is more likely to be serious.
Some researchers have suggested that men may die earlier because their health is morestrongly related to their emotions. For example, men tend to die sooner after losing a spouse thanwomen do. Men even seem to be more weakened by loss of a job. (Both of these are linked with amarked decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system.) Among men, death follows retirementwith an alarming promptness.
Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem. Perhaps theanswers lie deeper in our biological heritage. After all, the phenomenon is not isolated to humans.
Females have the edge among virtually all mammalian ( 哺乳动物的 )species, in that they generallylive longer. Furthermore, in many of these species the differences begin at the moment ofconception; there are more male miscarriages ( 流产) . In humans, after birth, more baby boys thanbaby girls die.
41. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs ?
A. Men"s lifespan remains almost unchanged.
B. Researchers have found the causes of the age gap.
C. The age gap was noticed only recently.
D. The more advanced a society, the greater the age gap.
42. As is suggested in Paragraph 2, the two factors relevant to women"s longer lifespan are __________.
A. disease and road accidents
B. industrialization and work strains
C. their endurance of work strains and reluctance for adventure
D. their immunity to heart disease and refusal of alcohol
43. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The great number of male smokers contributes to the age gap.
B. The growing number of smoking women will narrow the age gap.
C. Smoking does not seem to affect women"s longevity.
D. Female workers are more likely to smoke than male workers.
44. Which of the following phenomena makes researchers puzzled?
A. Though more liable to illness, women still live longer.
B. Men"s health is more closely related to their emotions.
C. Men show worse symptoms than women when they fall ill.
D. Quite a number of men die soon after their retirement.
45. The word "edge" in Paragraph 6 means __________.
A. margin
B. side
C. quality
D. advantage
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