基础英语语法：状语从句1 1、地点状语从句由where,wherever引导。 注意：where与where的区别：Where表特定的地点，而wherever表示非特定的地点。 Whereve下面是小编为大家整理的基础英语语法：状语从句3篇【精选推荐】,供大家参考。
基础英语语法：状语从句1
1、地点状语从句由where,wherever引导。
注意：where与where的区别：Where表特定的地点，而wherever表示非特定的地点。
Wherever=to/at any place where
2、地点状语从句与定语从句的区别
Where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无先行词。
基础英语语法：状语从句2
引导词：as(像。。。一样，正如。。。)，as if/as though(好像，宛如)
注意：1、固定句型A is to B what C is to D.意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。
2、as if, as though引导的从句若与事实相反，用虚拟语气;若与事实相符，不用虚拟语气。
基础英语语法：状语从句3
引导词：as...as(和。。。一样)，not as/so...as(和。。。不一样)，than(比)，the more...the more...(越。。。越。。。)
基础英语语法：状语从句3篇扩展阅读
基础英语语法：状语从句3篇（扩展1）
——考研英语语法有哪些让步状语从句的内容 (菁选2篇)
考研英语语法有哪些让步状语从句的内容1
1、名字的由来
其实，让步状语从句叫这个名字，是和它的连词有关的。它的常用连词是though, 相信大部分同学都认识，可以将其翻译为“虽然，尽管，即使”这个概念。但它和让步之间什么关系呢?一个句子用though来开头，即though引导一个从句，那后面应该跟一个主句才对吧?但是，如果在这个主句中出现了but, 这句话还对吗?肯定不对了。
我们都知道，主句应该是一个很干净的、完完整整的主谓宾结构，如果是一个让步状语从句的用法，那这个让步指的是为转折、让步。什么意思?这个句子里面如果有but, however这样的转折词，那就不应该出现though这样的词;如果有让步状语从句连词，也不应该有however, 虽然中文里面会说到“虽然/尽管/即使...但是”，但对应的英文句子中应当只有一个“虽然”存在，或者只有一个“但是”存在，不能“虽然...但是”同时存在。即，第一，通过让步状语从句的连词进行判断。Wh-连词，后面加了-ever之后，都可以表示“无论...”，no matter wh-也表示“无论...”.但是这两个词一样吗?乍看之下，whatever和no matter what都一样，都表示“无论......”。
但我们看这个词，however的含义是①作副词，表示转折“然而”;②作连词，表示“无论，多么”。但是no matter how是没有表示“然而”的意思，它最多只能表示一半的however. 即，“当however像no matter how一样，后面接形容词/副词/分词+主系结构，+主句”时，二者才是对等的。总之，though, although, even if和even though都可以翻译成“尽管，虽然”;而且，wh- ever和no matter wh- 是不等的，因为however不等于no matter how.
2、while用法分析
(1)While这个词可以作并列连词，用在”________, while ________”这个句型中，表示前后对比的特征
(2)While作从属连词，用在”While_______,________”句型中。此时，while有两种含义：
①=when，表示“当......时”的含义;
②当while出现在一个状语从句中，我们在80%以上的情况下，都把它翻译成although.它是一个让步状语从句，翻译成“虽然，尽管”。这个词说简单也简单，说复杂也复杂，重要的是记住它的公式。
3、as用法解析
①当as用作介词，后面可以加一个名词，此时，通常把as翻译成“作为”。如：as a teacher.
②as作连词，引导一个从句，有很多种翻译，我们比较熟悉的就是“正如，好像，比如”，除此之外，还有“当...时”，或者翻译成“因为......”，但不论是哪一个意思，只要引导从句，as都必须在一个句子的最前面，这样引导的句子就叫做从句。但是，当as出现在从句的第二个词单元位置，即第二个词义单元的时候，我们也可以将它翻译成“虽然，尽管”，慢慢就形成了一个所谓的固定搭配much as,这里as引导一个让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”。如：Much as he knows, he is not good at it.尽管他知道很多，他并不擅长这件事情。想对让步状语从句有个更深入的了解，还是让我们仔细的分析真题例句吧!
4、例句分析
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English speakers.
看到这个句子，我们做的第一件事情还是去寻找它的谓语动词。While在句子中间，那它是“尽管、虽然”的意思吗?仔细分析后，我们会发现不是。因为，while的前面是一个句子，后面也是一个句子。前面讲的是俄罗斯人的行动，后面讲的是意大利人的所作所为。所以，while在这里是表示前后对比的，即前后同质，本质相同。这种情况下，即便前后两部分中有一部分不认识，也可以通过另外一部分去猜测。
在第一个逗号的部分，我们找到了一个表示并列的连词and, 我们知道它是表示前后的成分对等，如：可以是单词和单词的并列，句子和句子的并列等。先往后看，我们可以看到有个carry, 前面与之并列的是have. Chunks是“木桩子，大量”的意思。前半句话就可以翻译为：俄国人对他们自己的"语言有着深深的爱，并且脑袋中背了很多诗歌。从小到大背东西都是很辛苦的事情。愿意去背诗，表明他们还是很辛苦，很热爱，但这只是辛苦的一种方式。而意大利的政治家趋向于，”elaborate”这个单词不认识先放一放，....他们的演讲。根据前后的并列，我们能猜到，elaborate不是一个轻松的活，是需要付出努力才能实现的。它和memorize and carry相对应。
实际上，elaborate是个动词，叫做详细叙述，精细修饰。这句话可以翻译为：俄国人对他们自己的语言有着深深的爱，并且脑袋中背了很多诗歌，而意大利的政治家倾向于精细修饰那些对大多数的英国演说家来说已经过时的演讲。这句话的翻译技巧在于，看前后两句是如何对称的。两个国家的人，都很热爱自己国家的语言，但方式有所不同。一个是通过辛辛苦苦的背诵，一个是通过精细的修饰语言。
在让步状语从句中，同一个引导词在不同的句子中，含义不同。对于我们来说，重要的就是要学会分辨。
考研英语语法有哪些让步状语从句的内容2
以下三种情况是为大家总结的并列句中常见的省略现象：
1、如果并列句中的左右两个分句虽然主语不同，但是两个分句有相同的be动词，那么可以省略连词和后一个分句的be动词。
例句：Its scientists were the world’s best, (省略 and) its workers (省略 were) the most skilled.
译文：它的科学家是世界上最好的，它的工人是世界上最熟练的。
例句：Failing hips can be replaced, (省略 and) clinical depression (省略 can be) controlled, (省略 and) cataracts (省略 can be) removed in a 30-minute surgical pr ocedure.
译文：髋骨坏了可以换，临床忧郁症可以得到控制，白内障仅用30分钟的手术就能治好。
例句：It is said that in England death is pressing, (省略 and) in Canada (省略 death is) inevitable and in California (省略 death is) optional.
译文：据说，在英国死亡是迫在眉睫的，在加拿大死亡是不可避免的，而在加利福尼亚死亡则是可以选择的。
2、如果并列句中左右两个分句出现重复的部分，那么后一个分句可以省略重复的部分，但是没有重复的部分要保留。
例句：Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we did not know (省略 that smoking would kill us) for sure?
译文：你还记得那些年科学家说吸烟会致命，但怀疑者坚持说我们并不确定吸烟是否真的会致命吗?
3、在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。
例句：Your behavior made me happy but (省略 your behavior made) Tom angry.
译文：你的行为使我高兴但使汤姆生气。
例句：Humor helps us bear our burdens, (省略 humor helps us) lessen our tension, (省略 humor helps us) overcome our frustration, (省略 humor helps us) relax ourselves and (省略humor helps us) make life easier.
译文：幽默有助于帮助我们承受负担，减缓压力，战胜失败，放松自我，使生活更加轻松。
基础英语语法：状语从句3篇（扩展2）
——考研英语语法基础的重要从句 (菁选2篇)
考研英语语法基础的重要从句1
▶定语从句
定语的本质是修饰名词，是围绕某个名词的修饰限定成分。它的位置通常放在被修饰名词前或者后，分为前置定语和后置定语两种。前置定语在名词中心词之前，前置定语通常较短，后置定语在名词中心词之后，后置定语通常较长。
充当定语的主要有形容词，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。汉语中常用"……的"表示。
定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句由关系代词who，whom，whose,that,which，that，as和关系副词when，where,why等引导。
▶状语从句
状语是句子的重要修饰成分。状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分，它附加在谓语中心语的前面，从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。状语从句一般是两个独立的句子中间用一些含义不同的连接词连接，状语从句用来表达两个句子之间的逻辑关系。九大类：原因状语，条件状语，结果状语，时间状语，地点状语，让步状语，目的状语，比较状语，方式状语等
▶名词性从句
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语*能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
▶独立主格结构
独立主格结构由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的及状态等。独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
考研英语语法基础的重要从句2
第一个问题是只知其一，不知其他。
刚开始学英语的时候，我们一般只记一个单词的一个词义和一种用法，而考研英语作为一种较高程度的水*考试，它要求的是全面了解这个词的词义，也就是我们常说的一词多义和一词多用。由于有些同学在思想上还没有这种认识上的转变，背单词时还停留在一词一义，一词一用的阶段，尽管背了不少单词，做起题来仍然捉襟见肘、处处被动。如1995年词汇题第21题的regard和2001年第20题中的company就是考词的多义，1998年第39题中的further就是考词的多用，不了解“regard”除“看作”之外还表示“尊敬”，不明白“company”除“公司”之外还表示“伙伴”，不知道“further”除作形容词、副词外还可作动词表示“增进、促进”，做起题来当然会有困难。
第二个问题是只知大概，不知具体。
由于英语考试多数题型采用多项选项(multiple choice)形式，考生在学习过程中容易养成“只知大概，不知具体”的毛病。adapt，adept，adopt三个词在四级考试时就应该弄明白，有的考研考生遇到他们仍是模棱两可;raise，rise，arise的区别对很多人来又是一笔糊涂帐;把migration movement(人口流动，2001年翻译题第75题)译成“移民运动”更是大部分同学的“杰作”，因为migrate，emigrate，immigrate这三个词在他们脑海里大概是一回事。考生们丢分不一定是单词背得少，而往往可能是记得不够细致、不够精确。
第三个问题是只知认词，不知辨词。
认词是掌握词汇最基本的要求，对于考研来说，光是知道一个词的词义是远远不够的，你还必须知道这个词与其他词，尤其是其同义词和近义词的区别。在写作课上，我曾看到同学写下这样的句子：With our own car，we don‘t have to cost a lot of time waiting for a bus. “cost”一词应该换“spend”，出错原因显然是没有弄清这两个词的区别：虽然都表“花费”，cost常用sth.做主语，而spend常用sb.作主语，句中主语是we，所以要用动词spend.1998年词汇题第29题也是一个典型的例子：carry和shoulder都可表示“承担”，而且都与名词responsibility搭配使用，由于shoulder是人体的一个部位，作动词用应该是表示人发出“承担”的动作，而句中主语是post(职位)，所以选shoulder就不合适，正确答案应该是carry.对于词的辨析，同学们只有通过背例句、观察这个词的使用情况做出判断，如果只背词义，恐怕很难辨得清楚、用的正确。
第四个问题是只知词义，不知使用。
如果说认词和辨词是掌握词汇的初级阶段和中级阶段，那么用词便是掌握词汇的高级阶段。“考研英语难”的咏叹调之所以常挂考生嘴边，不是因为它要求的词汇量特别大(5300的词汇量跟托福、GRE相比简直是小巫见大巫，但谁敢说考研比考托或考G更容易?)，而是因为它逼着我们往深处发展。以翻译和写作为例，翻译就是五句话，句中往往没有生词，考生翻译成中文往往逻辑不通，语义含混;写作只需200个词，考生写的往往是些Chinglish(中式英语)。出现这种情况，其根本原因是对词的用法掌握不够，一个句子、一篇文章不是词的简单组合，它要求词与词、句与句之间有一种协调，这就说明背单词重要，背单词的用法更重要。
第五个问题是只能固定，不能变化。
同学们往往碰到这样一种情况：一个词稍有变化马上就不识庐山真面目。practice是“实践”，形容词practical的意思是“实际的，实用的”，而副词practically却是“几乎，简直”;stumble明明是“绊、跌”的意思，stumble upon怎么就成了“偶然发现”呢?语言具有约定俗成性，很多时候我们无法做出合理的解释，如中国人比喻“很容易”时就说“小艘坏”英国人却说“a piece of cake”，背单词时我们就要抓住这一特点，把特殊用法和固定搭配作为背记的重点，光背基本词汇和基本用法是远远不够的。
最后一个问题是只能机械，不能灵活。
词典上的解释是死的，语言的"运用是活的，如果只是机械的背单词、用单词，势必与考试的要求相去甚远。1999年翻译题第71题中曾出现这样一个表达法：…recreate and explain the significant event of the past(……重现和解释过去的重大历史事件)，对于recreate，许多考生理所当然的译成了“重新创造”，而“重新创造历史事件”是不可能的事，机械的理解导致了严重的错误。有鉴于此，我在翻译课上不得不经常提醒同学们说“词典义不可靠，语境重要”。可以毫不夸张的说，凡是认真做过翻译题的同学都会对词汇学习有一个全新的认识。
基础英语语法：状语从句3篇（扩展3）
——英语语法：同位语从句
英语语法：同位语从句1
1.同位语从句：whether
whether可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.
他还没有做出决定是否去那里。
I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.
他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。
2.同位语从句：that
些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句：
We came to the decision that we must act at once. 我们做出决定：我们必须立即行动。
He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone. 他提议会议延期。
There was little hope that he would survive. 他幸存的希望很小。
在非正式语体中that可以省略。
以下名词常用于以上句型：
advice, announcement, argument, belief, claim, conclusion, decision, evidence, explanation, fact, feeling, hope, idea, impression, information, knowledge, message, news, opinion, order, probability, promise, proposal, remark, re*, report, saying, statement, suggestion, thought, treat, warning, wish, word
3.同位语从句：what
what可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用what作为引导词
I have no idea what he is doing now. 我不知道他现在在干什么。
4.同位语从句：how
how可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用how作为引导词
It’s a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
5.同位语从句：who等
who, whom, which, when, where, why用来引导同位语从句
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
She raised the question where we could get the fund.
她提出这个问题：我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。
6.同位语从句和定语从句的区别
1)同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。
2)that在同位语从句中没有词义，不充当句子成分；而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。
3)whether, what, how可以用来引导同位语从句；而它们不能用来引导定语从句。
4)1. 从词义角度看问题
who, whom, which, when, where, why用来引导同位语从句是保持原来疑问词的含义；它们用来引导定语从句时，不具有疑问词的含义。
2.从搭配角度看问题
who, whom, which, when, where, why用来引导定语从句时对应性很强，如：先行词是“人”，引导词用“who”等，而它们引导同位语从句是先行词通常是“question, idea, doubt等”。
英语语法—从句—状语从句
1.状语从句在句子中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句可分为：
时间状语从句：
When Susan goes to town, she will visit her grandma.
苏珊每次进程，总要去看望她奶奶。
地点状语从句：
I will go where I am needed. 哪里需要我，我就到哪里去。
方式状语从句：
I have changed it as you suggest. 我已经按照你的建议作了改变。
原因状语从句：
Mary didn’t go shopping because I advised her not to.
玛丽没有去购物，因为我劝她不要去。
目的状语从句：
They worked hard in order that they might succeed.
他们努力工作，以便能够获得成功。
结果状语从句：
Waste must be treated so that it does not become a danger to life.
废物必须进行处理，这样它才不会成为危害生命的东西。
条件状语从句：
If he works hard, he will surely succeed. 如果努力工作，他肯定会成功。
让步状语从句：
Though we are all different, we need never be separate.
比较状语从句：
I was happier than I had ever been in my life. 这是我一生中最快乐的时光。
2.时间状语从句：after
时间状语从句由下列连词引导：After, as, before, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, as soon as
Let"s wait till the rain stops. 咱们等到雨停再说吧。
Once the train is moving, there"s no way to stop it.
火车一旦开动就没办法让它停下来。
They were scolded whenever they were late for school. 每次他们上学迟到都挨骂。
3.时间状语从句：the moment
有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句：The minute, the moment, every time, the first time
The moment he reached the country, he started his search.
他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。
Every time I saw the straw hat, it reminded me of the tour I made years before.
每当我看到那顶草帽，它就使我想起几年前的那次旅游。
I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her。
我第一次见到她就觉得她诚实而友善。
4.时间状语从句：directly
有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句：
Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet. 校长一进来， 大家就安静下来。
The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.
那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进房间。
5.时间状语从句：as的用法
1）．某事一发生，另一事立即发生
As the sun rose the frog dispersed. 太阳一出来雾就消散。
They strolled into the garden as the music ceased. 音乐声一停，他们就走进花园。
2）．在某事发生的过程中另一事发生
I heard the murmur of their voices as I crossed the hall. 我走过大厅的时候听到他们在嘀咕什么。（两个动作都是一般时态）
Just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion. 正当他在说话的时候，一声巨响。
（从句用进行时态）
3）．两个动作同时发生
He smiled as he passed. 他路过的时候笑了一下。（两个都是短暂动作）
As she sang, the tears ran down her cheeks. 她一边唱歌，眼泪一边从脸颊淌下。
Helen heard the story as she washed. 海伦一边洗衣服一边听故事。
He saw that she was smiling as she read.
他看到她一边看着书一边笑。（两个都是延续性动作）
We get wiser as we get older.
我们随着年龄的增长而变得聪明起来。（随着时间的变化而变化）
6.时间状语从句：when的用法
以when引导的时间状语从句中，既可用短暂性动作也可用延续性动作。
I bought the car when I received my first salary.（短暂性动作）我是在领第一笔薪水的时候买的车。
Don"t get excited when you talk.（延续性动作）说话的时候不要激动。
7.when 容易与时间状语从句混淆的例子
请注意：此项中when引导的都不是时间状语从句。
She had just finished dressing when her guests came in.
她刚刚穿戴完毕，这时她的客人进来了。
这里的when不是从属连词，而是并列连词。所以它引导的是并列句。像这类问题有以下主要特征：
when 后面的分句动词必须是瞬间动词，用于表示突然性：
We were about to start when it began to rain.正当我们要出发的时候，突然下雨了。
1）.when 前面的分句是过去进行时：
He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
他正笑着，突然门开了，他的妻子走了进来。
2）.when 前面的分句含有be about to, be on the point of:
He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.
他正要出发的时候，突然有人敲门。
3）.when 前面的分句采用过去完成时或是过去完成进行时：
We had just fallen asleep when the telephone rang.
我们刚刚入睡，突然电话铃声响了。
The plane had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain.
飞机播种了近一个月，这时天才下雨。
8.时间状语从句：while的用法
以while引导的时间状语从句中，只能用延续性动作。
They arrived while I was sunbathing. 当我正在进行日光浴时，他们来了。
While the discussion was still going on, Mr. Zhang came in.
当讨论还在进行的时候，张先生进来了。
9.原因状语从句
because, as, since, 用来引导原因状语从句。for虽然也是表示原因，但是它不是从属连词，而是并列连词。
because 表示最强的因果关系，表达听话者未知的原因，because引导的从句通常放在后面，表示强调时也可放在前面。because引导的从句可以用来回答Why引起的特殊疑问句。
He got the job because he was the best candidate.
他得到那份工作，因为他是最佳人选。
“Why can’t I go?”“Because you are too young.”
为什么我不能去？因为你年纪太小。
as 所表示的原因通常是听话者已经知道的。因而它不是句子的中心。不能用来回答Why引起的特殊疑问句。
As all the seats were full, he stood up. 由于所有的座位都满了，他只好站着。
Perhaps she’ll need some help, especially as she’s been ill.
她可能需要帮助，尤其是因为她一直有病。
since所表示的原因通常也是听话者已经知道的。同样since也不能用来回答Why引起的特殊疑问句。
Since you are going, I will go too. 既然你要去，我也去吧。
for 从语法分析的角度来说，它不是引导状语从句，而是构成一个并列句。 for 通常用于书面语，它通常不表示因果关系，而是对前面的分句进行补充说明。for-分句通常放在句末，for 之前有逗号。
He laughed little, for he was a sad man. 他很少发笑，因为他是个多愁的人。
She was clearly upset, for her eyes were filled with tears.
她显然心烦意乱，因为她眼眶里饱含泪水。
10.地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where，wherever引导。
Where he made mistakes, he admitted these willingly.
他在什么地方做错了事，他都乐于承认这些错误。
Put it where we can see it. 把它放在我们能看得见的地方。
Let’s go wherever this path will take us.
我们就顺着这条小路走，走到哪儿就算哪儿。
英语语法—从句—定语从句
1.定语从句在句子中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词
2.先行词和引导词
被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词；在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。引导词语可分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。
3.关系代词和关系副词
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。关系副词有：when, where, why。
<注意：关系副词里面没有how。如果要修饰方式，用that或in which引导，或者不用引导词。
I don’t like the way (that, in which) he eyed me. 我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。
4.关系代词：who
关系动词who在从句中主要作为主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语。
He is the man who wants to see you. 他就是想要见你的那个人。（who在句中作为主语）
Succeed will come to him who is honest and diligent. 成功将归于诚实而勤奋的人。
5.关系代词：whom
He is the man whom I saw in the park yesterday.
他就是我昨天在公园里见到的那个人。（whom在从句中作宾语）
作宾语用的引导词可以省略，因此上面的句子可以改写如下：He is the man I saw in the park yesterday.
6.关系代词：whose用来指人或物（只能用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人车坏了，他们跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
7.关系代词：which（1）
which指物，在从句中作为主语或宾语，作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。
They needed a plant which didn"t need as much water as rice.
他们需要一种不像水稻那么需要水的作物。（主语）
The farm (which) we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.
我们昨天参观的农场位于北京郊区。（作宾语，可省略。）
8.关系代词：which（2）
当在which和that面前进行选择的情况下，一下情况要选which：
1）.在非限制性定语从句中通常用which作引导词，而不能用that做非限制性定语从句的引导词。
2）. 修饰整个主句。
I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.
从那以后我再也没有见到朱莉叶，真是遗憾。
3）. 修饰谓语部分。
He can swim in the river, which I cannot. 他会在河里游泳，那正是我不会的。
4）. 介词 + which
They are all questions to which there are no answers. 那些问题都是无头公案。
9.关系代词：that（1）
that多用来指物，有时也可以用来指人；在从句中作主语或宾语。
指物的时候多用that，也可用which。
It’s a question that (which) needs careful consideration.
这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。（指物，作为主语。）
Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree?
树下那个在看杂志的那个人是谁？（指人，作为主语。）
The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Tom’s sister.
我们昨天看到的那个女孩是汤姆的妹妹。（指人，作宾语，可省略。）
10.关系代词：that（2）
在以下的情况中，只能用that作引导词，而不能用which作引导词。
1）. 先行词为all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代词时。
All that she lacked was training. 她所缺少的是训练。
everything等为先行词时，引导词可以省略。
Have you everything you need? 你要的东西都有了吗？
Is there anything I can do for you? 有什么事要我做吗？
All you have to do is to press the button. 你所要做的就是按一下电钮。
2）. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的电影中最好的一部。
3）. 先行词被序数词和the last修饰时
4）. 先行词中既有人又有物时
They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.
他们谈论他们参观过的那些学校和老师们。
5）. 主句是含有who或which的特殊疑问句，为了避免重复时
英语语法—从句—表语从句
1.在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的"引导词相同。
What the police want to know is when you entered the room.
警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。
The trouble is that we are short of funds. 困难是我们缺乏资金。
That"s why I want you to work there. 那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet.
他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。
as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句。
She seems as if she had done a great thing. 她看起来好像做了一件大事。
It is because you eat too much. 那是因为你吃得太多了。
2.虚拟语气：表语从句
主语是idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等名词时, 作表语从句的动词为原形动词或should+原形动词。
My suggestion is that we (should) go and help him. 我的建议是我们应该去帮助他。
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.
我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。
英语语法—从句—宾语从句
1.在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。
2.宾语从句：短语动词
Please go and find out when the train will arrive. 请去弄清楚火车什么时候到。
His teacher pointed out that Tom hadn"t studied hard enough.
老师指出汤姆学习不够努力。
That depends on how you do it. 那得看你怎么做的。
3.宾语从句：及物动词
Everybody knows that money doesn"t grow on trees. 谁都知道钱不是长在树上。
Have you decided where you will go for a holiday? 你有没有决定到什么地方去度假？
4.宾语从句：介词的宾语
I am curious as to what they are going to do next.
我对他们下一步打算做什么很感兴趣。
The twin sisters differ only in that one is a bit fatter than the other one.
这对双胞胎姐妹的区别，仅仅在于其中一个比另一个稍胖一点。
I am interested in what she is doing. 我对她做的事感兴趣。
5.宾语从句：否定的转移
有些表示思想和感情的动词之后的宾语从句中的否定式可以注意到这些动词之前。
I don"t suppose you"re used to this diet. = I suppose you aren"t used to this diet.
我想你不习惯这种饮食。
I didn"t expect she would pass the entrance examination. = I expected she wouldn"t pass the entrance examination. 我以为她不能通过入学考试。
6.虚拟语气：宾语从句
一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用should+原形动词结构,should往往可以省略。这类动词有: advice, arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, require, request, suggest等。
I suggested that he study harder. 我建议他用功一些。（这一题要特别注意：为什么study用原形。）
I insisted that he (should) go. 我强调他应当去。
7.宾语从句的省略
引导宾语从句的that之后接的从句不长时，可以省略。如果that后面的宾语从句较长时，that不能省略。
I hope (that) you"ll be fine soon. 我希望你尽快康复。
英语语法—从句—主语从句
1.以what等连接代词引导的主语从句
What you need is more practice. 你需要的是更多的练习。
Whoever wants it may have it. 谁要都可以给他。
同类的连接代词还有：What, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever
2.以that, whether从属连词引导的主语从句
It was strange that he had made a mistake. 真奇怪，他竟然错了。
That we need more equipment is quite obvious. 我们需要更多的设备，这是很明显的。
Whether he will join us won"t make too much difference.
他是否加入我们，没有太大的差别。
3.主语从句的引导词that什么时候可以省略
当主语从句不太长时，引导词“that”可以省略
It"s clear (that) he has done his best. 很明显他已经尽力而为了。
It"s a wonder (that) he didn"t fail. 真奇怪，他没有失败。
4.以when等连接副词引导的主语从句
When they will come hasn"t been made public. 他们什么时候来还没有公布。
Where she has gone is not known yet. 她去了哪儿，还不知道。
Why he did it will remain a puzzle for ever. 为什么他做那件事将永远是个谜团。
5.虚拟语气：主语从句
形容词为necessary, important, impossible, strange, natural, essential时，在“It + be + 形容词或过去分词 + 主语从句”中，主语从句要虚拟。
It is necessary that the problem (should) be discussed at once.
立刻讨论这个问题很有必要。
It is strange that he (should) have so many friends. 太奇怪了，他有那么多的朋友。
6.主语从句与强调句的区别
注意事项：
1). 在主语从句中，把It was … that去掉之后，就已经完全不像一个句子了。
2). 在强调句中，把It was … that去掉之后，还基本上像个句子。
3). 主语从句有以下的引导词：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever
4). 强调句的引导词只有：that, who。
主语从句：
It was strange that he had made a mistake. 如果把，It was … that 去掉以后，剩下strange he had made a mistake.就不算是句子了。
It is immaterial where or when he goes. 他去何处或者何时去是无关紧要的。
< It is said that he’s got married. 听说他已经结婚了。 强调句： It was she that had been wrong. 错的是她。（强调主语）如果把，It was … that 去掉以后，剩下she had been wrong.还勉强算的上是一个句子。 It was this novel that they talked about last night. 他们昨晚谈论的是这部小说。（强调宾语） It was in London that I first saw her. 我是在伦敦第一次见到她的。（强调地点状语） ——中考英语状语从句训练试题及答案3篇 Ⅰ.选择填空： 1. The man can’t get on the bus because there ________ no room on it. A. was B. is C. are D. were 2. I was listening to the music ________ there was a knock at the door. A. while B. when C. because D. until 3. You may leave the classroom when you ________ writing. A. will finish B. are finishing C. have finished D. had finished 4. I don’t know if he ________ tomorrow, if he _________ ,I’ll meet him. A. will come, comes B. comes, comes C. will come, will come D. come, will come 5. ________ I read, the more I understand. A. The more B. So much C. How much D. For all 6. Would you give Johnny this letter if you ________ to see him this week. A. will happen B. happen C. are happened D. happened 7. She was busy, ________ she couldn’t go to your birthday party last night. A. and B. so C. or D. but 8. English is ________ a useful language ________ it is spoken in many countries of the world. A. so…that B. such…that C. so…because D. such…because 9. You will not succeeded if you ________ harder. A. will work B. won’t work C. work D. don’t work 10.Write clearly ________ your teacher can understand you correctly. A. since B. for C. because D. so that 11.________ he failed , he went on doing the experiment. A. Even B. Yet C. Although D. in spite of 12.The light went out while we ________ supper. A. had B. had had C. were having D. would have 13.His brother has worked there ________ he left school. A. when B. after C. since D. until 14.The boy didn’t stop talking ________ the second bell rang. A. when B. until C. after D. because 15. ________ I came into the office, the teacher were having a meeting. A While B. When C. Once D. Since 16.I was about to leave my house ________ the telephone rang. A. while B. as C. when D. since 17.It is at least ten years ________ these trees were planted. A. when B. before C. since D. as soon as 18.He will come to call on you the moment he ________ his painting. A. finished B. will finished C. has finished D. had finished 19.The teacher understands that ________ Maths had always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students. A. since B. unless C. although D. when 20.He ran as fast as possible ________ he could reach school on time. A. in order to B. so as to C. when D. so that Ⅱ.用动词的"适当形式填空： 1. It ________ (be) nearly two years since we went to the party last. 2. He is hungry, because he ________ (not have ) his breakfast yet. 3. When Tom’s mother came home, little Tom _______ (cry) loudly. 4. I ________ (not know) it until you ________ (tell) me. 5. They started as soon as they ______ (receive)my telephone. 6. He ________ (leave) as soon as he ________ (drink) his coffee. 7. Edison placed a big mirror behind the lamps so that the doctor ________ (operate). 8. He ________(be) better today than he ________ (be) yesterday. 9. I hope you ________ (be) happy while you ________ (be)here. 10.Whatever ________ (happen) , I ________ (be) on your side. Ⅲ.把下列句子改成带有状语从句的复合句： 1. He didn’t come. He was ill. (because) 2. He is too young to join the army. (so……that) 3. He studies English hard. He is over seventy. (though) 4. We will stay at home. It rains. (if) 5. He was doing his homework. Someone knocked at the door. (when) 6. I waited. He came back. (not……until) 7. He is tall. I am tall. (as……as) 8. My mother was cooking. I was listening to the news. (while) 9. It was a hot day. We couldn’t sleep well. (such……that) 10. He came into the warm room. He took off his cap and sat down. (as soon as) Ⅳ.完成下列句子： 1. He didn’t see the film yesterday ________________________________ (因为他忙于复习功课). 2. She has done a lot of good deeds _______________________________ (自从她入团以来). 3. The little girl stopped crying __________________________ (一看见她母亲). 4. The film is interesting _______________________ (以致每个人都想再看一遍). 5. When I came into the room, _________________________ (我父亲正在看书). 6. I will go out for a walk, ________________________ (如果明天不下雨). 7. Don’t ask me to repeat ________________________ (除非你真的不理解). 8.We will try to finish the work in time _____________________________ (尽管我们缺钱). 9. The quicker you work, __________________________ (这项任务就会完成得越早). 10. We left in such a hurry __________________________ (以致于忘了关灯). ——初中英语语法定语从句讲解练习3篇 1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts.. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what 13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 15. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 16. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17. Didn’t you see the man __________? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 19. Is there anything __________ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 20. ---- “How do you like the book?” ---- “It’s quite different from __________ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except __________ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22. The train __________ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 23. He has lost the key to the drawer __________ the papers are kept. A. where B. in which C. under which D. which 24. Antarctic __________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which 25. It’s the third time __________ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived 26. It was in 1969 __________ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A. that B. which C. when D. in which 27. May the fourth is the day __________ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __________ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 29. The hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed 30. Is it in that factory __________ “Red Flag” cars are produced? A. in which B. where C. which D. that 31. It is the Suez C* __________ separates Asia __________ Africa. A. which, to B. where, from C. that, from D. that, with 32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, __________ was a small canoe, with a boy in it. A. there B. where C. it D. which 33. He is not __________ a fool __________. A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looks C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks 34. Is that the reason __________ you are in favour of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that 35. He must be from Africa, __________ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what 36. He has two sons, __________ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 37. I, __________ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is 38. He is a man of great experience, __________ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom 39. ---- Do you know the town at all? ---- No, this is the first time I __________ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 40. I don’t like __________ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 41. The two things __________ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair. A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which 42. The dinner was the most expensive meal we __________. A. would have B. have had C. had never had D. had ever had 43. Do you know which hotel __________? A. she is staying B. she is staying in C. is she staying D. is she staying in 44. There is only one thing __________ I can do. A. what B. that C. all D. which 45. Who can think of a situation __________ this idiom can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. in that 46. I have many books, some of __________ are on chemistry. A. them B. that C. which D. those 47. They were interested __________ you told them. A. in which B. in that C. all that D. in everything 48. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, __________ much help for knowing space. A. which we think it is B. which we think are of C. of which we think is D. I think which is of 49. The great day we looked forward to __________ at last. A. come B. came C. coming D. comes 50. I like the second football match __________ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. / 练习题答案 1—5 AADBA 6—10 ABCCA 11—15 AADAD 16—20 CDDBC 21—25 ACBDC 26—30 AADAD 31—35 CABCB 36—40 BBDBA 41—45 BD* 46—50 CD* 单项填空。 1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？ -Yes， he’s our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _____I can swim？ A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？ A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate A. who’s B. whose C. that of which. 8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister. A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was 9. I love places ______the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world ______ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。 1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west. 3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends. 4. The house _____we live in is very old. 5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？ 参考答案： I. 1-5*AC 6-10 ABCCD Ⅱ. 1. that 2. which / that 3. who / that 4. that / which 5. who/ whom/ that 上述的练习同学们是否都做了呢？如果还有不懂的可以参考。 初中英语学习方法之G开头短语总结 【—之G开头短语总结】同学们在学习英语的时候需要将自己学过的东西整合，方便复习时使用，下面是老师为同学们带来的整合。 113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了） Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了） 114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好 116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻 119 get sb to do sth 120 get…from… 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳 124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学） 127 good way to 好方法 对于这些整合，同学们现在是否做了呢？如果还没有的话，那么赶快行动吧！ 比较级和最高级可用哪些词修饰 1. 比较级的修饰语有 far, even, still, a great deal, a bit, rather, three times, any 中考, no, very much 等。如： This is very much cheaper. 这个便宜得多。 Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好点儿了吗? This one is even more expensive. 这个更贵些。 2. 最高级的常见修饰语有 (by) far, much, nearly, almost, not quite, second 等。如： He is by far the best of all the students. 他是所有这些中最好的。 He is almost the tallest here. 他差不多是这儿最高的。 This is much the worst book of all. 这是所有书中最最糟糕的一本。 very不能修饰比较级，却可修饰最高级，但它与一般的修饰最高级的副词有所不同，即它要放在最高级前的定冠词之后，而不是之前： This is the very best one. 这是最最好的。 另外，second, third等也要放在定冠词之后： The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是*第二长河流 初中英语作文范文大全之My Low-carbon Life Li Ming 是一个注重"低碳"生活的中学生，假设你是他, 请以 "My Low-carbon Life"为题，写一篇80词左右的短文，简单描述自己的"低碳生活"。 要点： （1）每天步行上学； （2）离开教室时，关灯、电扇、电视等； （3）不用水时，记得关水龙头，循环使用水； （4）充分使用纸张； （5）不使用塑料袋。 参考词汇：on foot, turn off, tap, reuse, make full use of, plastic bag 要求： （1） 内容包括所提供的信息及要点，可适当发挥，但不要逐条翻译； （2） 不得透露考生姓名、学校等信息。 My Low-carbon Life My name is Li Ming. I am a middle school student. I go to school on foot every day. I always remember to turn off the lights, the TV and the fans when I leave the classroom. When I am not using water, I always turn off the tap. I often reuse water, for example, when I finish washing the clothes, I use the water to clean the floor and water flowers. I never use plastic bags. I think saving paper is necessary, so I often make full use of paper. It"s important for us to live a low-carbon life to protect the environment. 上面就是对英语作文My Low-carbon Life的书写，希望同学们能认真阅读，把上面作文中很好的句子记下来。 much too与too much的用法区别 两者结构相似，很容易混淆。它们在用法上的区别是：much too＝too，但前者语气更强；too much＝much，但前者语气更强： He drives much too fast. 他开车开得太快了。 He’s much too young. 他太年轻了。 The shoes are much too small for me. 这鞋子我穿太小了。 90 miles an hour is much too fast. 一个钟头开90 英里太快了。 There is too much rain. 雨水太多了。 You’re asking too much. 你要求太高。 You have given me too much. 你已经给我太多了。 I’ve got too much work to do. 我要干的太多。 You put too much salt in this food. 这个菜里你盐搁得太多了。 The room was small and contained far too much furniture. 房间很小而家具实在太多。 We have already taken up too much of your valuable time. 我们已经占用了你过多的宝贵时间。 初中英语作文学习技巧之认真检查 同学们在英语作文写完之后一定要注意认真检查，不要出现小错误哦。 认真检查 认真检查，检查信息点是否全面，时态、人称是否一致，句子结构是否清晰，短语使用、单词拼写是否准确等。检查后，将草稿誊写在纸上，请注意按结构分段，书写清晰。下面列举一些在检查中可发现的错误： 1.We live more and more comfortable。改正：comfortably(副词修饰动词)2.we can get many informations by reading newspapers.改正：much information(不可数名词由much修饰) 3.There has many programs in TV.改正：There are many programs on TV.(There be句型和介词短语) 4.I think ride a bike can keep our health.改正：I think riding a bike can keep us healthy.(动名词作主语) 建议大家练习或模仿不同题材的文章，特别注意改错总结和吸取范文中好的结构与表达方法，适当运用于自己的文章中。 初中英语单句改错题学习方法的练习 我们在掌握单句改错题的时候固然重要，但是不要忘记要运用到实际生活中哦！ 【综合能力训练】 Ⅰ. 下列各题有一处是错的，请将出并将改正后的词写在句后的括号内。 ( )1. There is going to have much beef on the plate. ( ) ( )2. I don’t think his dress is dearer than Kate. ( ) ( )3. I can’t hear you. Could you speak it louder ? ( ) ( )4. It’s kind for you to help me to do the cleaning. ( ) ( )5. Mr Black, a good friend of me, likes drawing horses. ( ) ( )6. Don’t stay at home. You had better to go out for a walk, ( ) ( )7. In the girls’ 100-metre race, Lily from Class 1 ran very fastly. ( ) ( )8. There is a people in the room. But nobody knows who it is. ( ) ( )9. We will hold a sports meeting next Monday if it won’t rain. ( ) ( )10. The boy called Tom was born in the morning of May 2nd, 1990. ( ) ( )11. Mother asked me if the Blacks were going to move here long before. ( )12.Today is September the tenth. Happy Teachers’ Day to you. Thank you for teach us so well. ( ) ( )13. Jim is much cleverer than any other students in Grade 3, but he doesn’t work hard. ( ) ( )14. Look !Two hundreds students are watching a football match on the playground. ( ) Ⅱ. 改正下列句子，每句只有一个错误，在错的地方作出标记，并将改正后的词写在句后的横线上。 1. Have you gone to America before？ 2. Is there new anything in this talk？ 3. Neither Ann nor I are a League member. 4. We are surprise that he lost the game. 5. Most great artists like making own train. 6. Hurry up，and you won’t catch the train. 7. I think this song is most popular of all. 8. Mr Hu got up until ten o’clock yesterday. 9. What a interesting book !Do you like it ? 10. This story is not so longer as that one. 11. It’s a long time since we have met last. 12. What’s wrong with you ?You look unhappily. 13. Mrs Smith found that difficult to study English well. 14. There is little water in the glass, isn’t there ? 15. The boys were playing with fire when he comes in. 16. The traffic accident was happened around the corner last week. 17. Please show we the picture that you drew yesterday. 18. Mr Li wants the students do their homework by themselves. [参考答案] 综合能力训练 Ⅰ. 1. have→be 2. Kate→Kate"s 3. it→去掉 4.for→of 5. me→mine 6. to go→go 7. fastly→fast 8. a people→aperson 9. won"t→doesn"t 10. in →on 11. long before→before long 12. teach→teaching 13. students→student 14. hundreds→hundred Ⅱ. 1. gone→been 2. new anything→anything new 3. are→am 4. surprise→surprised 5. own→their own 6. and→or 7. most→the most 8. got→didn"t get或until→at 9. a→an 10. longer→long 11. have met→met 12. unhappily→unhappy 13. that→it 14. isn"t→is 15. comes→came 16. was happened→happened 17. we→us 18. do→to do 上面是单句改错题的练习，同学们在做完的时候，与下面的答案对照看看，是否有什么出入的地方。 1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts.. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what 13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 15. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 16. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17. Didn’t you see the man __________? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 19. Is there anything __________ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 20. ---- “How do you like the book?” ---- “It’s quite different from __________ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except __________ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22. The train __________ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 23. He has lost the key to the drawer __________ the papers are kept. A. where B. in which C. under which D. which 24. Antarctic __________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which 25. It’s the third time __________ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived 26. It was in 1969 __________ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A. that B. which C. when D. in which 27. May the fourth is the day __________ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __________ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 29. The hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed 30. Is it in that factory __________ “Red Flag” cars are produced? A. in which B. where C. which D. that 31. It is the Suez C* __________ separates Asia __________ Africa. A. which, to B. where, from C. that, from D. that, with 32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, __________ was a small canoe, with a boy in it. A. there B. where C. it D. which 33. He is not __________ a fool __________. A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looks C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks 34. Is that the reason __________ you are in favour of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that 35. He must be from Africa, __________ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what 36. He has two sons, __________ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 37. I, __________ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is 38. He is a man of great experience, __________ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom 39. ---- Do you know the town at all? ---- No, this is the first time I __________ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 40. I don’t like __________ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 41. The two things __________ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair. A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which 42. The dinner was the most expensive meal we __________. A. would have B. have had C. had never had D. had ever had 43. Do you know which hotel __________? A. she is staying B. she is staying in C. is she staying D. is she staying in 44. There is only one thing __________ I can do. A. what B. that C. all D. which 45. Who can think of a situation __________ this idiom can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. in that 46. I have many books, some of __________ are on chemistry. A. them B. that C. which D. those 47. They were interested __________ you told them. A. in which B. in that C. all that D. in everything 48. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, __________ much help for knowing space. A. which we think it is B. which we think are of C. of which we think is D. I think which is of 49. The great day we looked forward to __________ at last. A. come B. came C. coming D. comes 50. I like the second football match __________ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. / 练习题答案 1—5 AADBA 6—10 ABCCA 11—15 AADAD 16—20 CDDBC 21—25 ACBDC 26—30 AADAD 31—35 CABCB 36—40 BBDBA 41—45 BD* 46—50 CD* ——初二英语语法中的宾语和定语从句3篇 为了提高同学们的英语复习效率，*教育在线整理了初中英语语法之宾语从句，宾语从句是初中英语知识中的重点和难点。下面为大家详细讲解一下。 一、概述 宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。 主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。 简单句She knew the teacher(宾语)复合句 She knew that the teacher had seen the film.(宾从) 二、宾语从句 1.语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种： 1)连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如： Could you tell me who knows the answer，please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗? The small children don"t know what is in their stockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西. I don"t know which belongs to my father. 2)连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如： He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。 The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老师问我们房间里有多少人。 3)连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who(m)，what，which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)。如： He hasn"t decided if he"ll go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。 Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗? 4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如： Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗? She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。 2.连接词 1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如： He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。 2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如： I don"t know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 但在下列情况下只能用whether： ① 在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如： Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whethe or not he will come) I don"t know whether/if he does any washing or not.(=I don"t know whether or not he does any washing.) I wonder whether we stay or whether we go. ② 在介词之后用whether。如： I"m interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 We"re thinking about whether we can finish the work on time. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。 ③ 在不定式前用whether。如： He hasn"t decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 I don"t know whether to go.我不知去否。 He hasn"t decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 ④ whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如： Whether this is true or not，I can"t say.这是否真的我说不上来。 ⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如： Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。 The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。 ⑥ 若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如： Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为：a. Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。B. If you like the book, please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。 3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如： Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning? 3.时态 含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容： 1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如： I don"t know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。 He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。 2)如果主句的`谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如： ①The children didn"t know who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁。 ②He asked his father how it happened.他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。 3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。 4.注意： if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应;它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如： —Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么时候回来吗? —Sorry, I don"t know. When he comes back, I"ll tell you. 对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。 —I don"t know if he will come.我不知道他是否会来。 —He will come if it doesn"t rain.如果不下雨，他会来的。 为了提高同学们的英语复习效率，*教育在线整理了初中英语语法之宾语从句，宾语从句是初中英语知识中的重点和难点。下面为大家详细讲解一下。 一、概述 宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。 主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。 简单句She knew the teacher(宾语)复合句 She knew that the teacher had seen the film.(宾从) 二、宾语从句 1.语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种： 1)连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如： Could you tell me who knows the answer，please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗? The small children don"t know what is in their stockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西. I don"t know which belongs to my father. 2)连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如： He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。 The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老师问我们房间里有多少人。 3)连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who(m)，what，which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)。如： He hasn"t decided if he"ll go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。 Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗? 4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如： Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗? She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。 2.连接词 1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如： He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。 2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如： I don"t know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 但在下列情况下只能用whether： ① 在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如： Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whethe or not he will come) I don"t know whether/if he does any washing or not.(=I don"t know whether or not he does any washing.) I wonder whether we stay or whether we go. ② 在介词之后用whether。如： I"m interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 We"re thinking about whether we can finish the work on time. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。 ③ 在不定式前用whether。如： He hasn"t decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 I don"t know whether to go.我不知去否。 He hasn"t decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 ④ whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如： Whether this is true or not，I can"t say.这是否真的我说不上来。 ⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如： Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。 The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。 ⑥ 若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如： Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为：a. Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。B. If you like the book, please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。 3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如： Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning? 3.时态 含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容： 1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如： I don"t know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。 He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。 2)如果主句的`谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如： ①The children didn"t know who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁。 ②He asked his father how it happened.他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。 3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。 4.注意： if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应;它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如： —Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么时候回来吗? —Sorry, I don"t know. When he comes back, I"ll tell you. 对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。 —I don"t know if he will come.我不知道他是否会来。 —He will come if it doesn"t rain.如果不下雨，他会来的。 ——基础差的考生需要重视考研英语语法3篇 考研语法的基本框架是词汇的分类，英语词汇按照词义、词形及其在句子中的功用可分为十大类，即：名词、动词、形容词、代词、介词、副词、冠词、连词、数词、感叹词。其次，需要掌握简单陈述句的结构、非谓语动词短语和从句。其中非谓语动词短语为重中之重，主要包括动名词短语、分词短语和动词不定式短语。从句内容稍复杂，但只要理清了脉络，也可以轻松掌握。根据所担任的成分，从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称名词性从句。定语从句又叫形容词性从句。状语从句又叫副词性从句。其它内容属于细节。 就语法而言，考生要根据自己的英语基本功来选择语法书，决定复习任务。尤其是要找一本主要讲解从句、虚拟语气、倒装句等这些考研常考语法知识点的参考书，花个三到五天的时间就能看完。看完语法书之后在做阅读或者写作过程中碰到读不懂结构的长难句或者不知如何表达的句型了再回过头翻一翻，对应实例来掌握。如果有仍然不能理解的长难句，找专门的人帮助分析句子结构，帮助你掌握长难句的分析法，这对考研阅读的复习也至关重要。有些同学也喜欢看些专门分析考研英语长难句的书籍，都可以的。 对于基本功非常好的考生，就完全没有必要去专项训练英语语法了，只要在其他任务的复习中发现不甚熟悉的语法项目，返回来找一下对应的语法点就可以了。如果基础一般，对于语法现象的掌握比较模棱两可的学员，建议选择一本总结了考研英语语法现象的语法书籍。结合语法考点发现自己欠缺的部分，进行相应的强化学习。对于基础非常薄弱的考生，建议同学们买一本知识涵盖全面且系统性、权威性较强的英语语法书，结合一定量的专项练习，掌握基础语法知识，以适应后期的综合运用。 复习语法的最终目的就是为了读懂文章，获取理想的分数，广大考生一定要刻苦复习，对于自己不懂的语法现象一定要仔细钻研，直至攻克为止。在考研英语中，对于语法的掌握有一个衡量标准，即如果在阅读中面对一个长难句，能快速准确地理解这个句子的成分以及各个成分之间的关系，涉及到什么样的语法知识，并能正确翻译，那就说明对这部分的语法知识掌握的不错，如果达不到这个要求，就说明掌握的还不好，还需要强化复习。 总之，历年考研英语的基础复习重点便是语法，每年都会以一定的形式出现在考题中，若不能熟练的掌握并应用自如很难在考研英语中取得高分，因此同学们在考研复习过程中希望广大考生引起足够重视，各个击破! 从现在到六月份这一阶段，是考研英语复习的基础阶段。万丈高楼*地起，如论如何或炫丽或有效的做题方法，都必须在你能看懂题目，看懂选项的基础上才能真正起作用。因此第一阶段的复习重点是打基础，英语的基础包括两个部分单词和语法，这是这一阶段复习的重点所在。 对于单词的复习，首先考研英语与四、六级对词汇的不同要求。四、六级考试是水*性考试，考试了目的是测验在校大学生的英语水*，直白的说，这种考试，是为了让大多数考生通过的。它更多的考查词汇的宽度，即能识记多少词汇。而考研属于选拔性考试，是从广大的毕业生中选拨出特别优秀的，继续深造。换句话说，它的目的是为了让更多的考生不过。因此考研考的"更多的是词汇的深度，即你对一个单词掌握到了什么程度。词汇的深度的考察包括两个方面，一考察熟词僻义，一是考察构词法，即通过词根词缀扩展单词。 因此，词汇的复习要有针对性，把考研大纲5500个单词划分出个三六九等来，区别对待。对于你认为熟悉的初高中词汇，要重点记忆它的第二个，第三个，甚至第四个你不熟悉的意思，比如side，应该掌握其动词表示“支持”的意义，weather，应该掌握其“度过”的意义。这些是考研中障碍最大的“熟悉的陌生人”。记忆这些单词生义的时候建议根据熟义进行联想引申，找到各意义间的联系，在理解的基础上记忆。 对于其他不是特别熟悉的单词，建议大家用词根词缀法来记忆、扩展词汇，这是大纲的要求，也是最合乎科学，最省力有效的词汇学习方式。这些单词通常分为三类，一类是高频词汇，高频词汇是指历年考研试卷中出现频次比较高的大纲词汇。这部分词汇的掌握是词汇复习的重中之重，频率越高，重要性越大。这部分单词的复习要求考生音、形、义全都掌握。一类是常用词汇，它在考试中出现的次数也较多，也需要考生认识、熟悉、理解。但这部分词汇，往往难度并不大，考生也有一定的熟悉，一般不会成为做题障碍。第三类是一些比较生僻的词汇，大纲里面也有一些很少考到，或者即便考到也不会影响做题的生僻的词汇，对于这些词汇，只要求考生能大概识得其义，甚至是识得其模糊的意义范围就够了。 这一阶段的复习重点还包括语法，语法一直是*学生最薄弱的环节。如果说词汇的记忆还可以自己解决的话，考研英语语法的复习就一定要在老师的带领下进行了。对于考研来说，语法的考察其实是有范围的，因为考研不单独纯粹考语法，像高中的选择题一样。考研语法的学习目的是为了能够理解句子，识别句子结构。所以考研语法说白了就是理解句子，理解句子结构。句子分为简单句和非简单句。简单句主要考察五大基本句型和四大成分。五大基本句型即主谓，主谓宾，主谓宾宾，主谓宾补和主系表。四大成分也就是定语，状语，同位语和插入语。非简单句分为并列句和复合句。并列句又分为句中并列和句间并列。复合句包括三大从句和一些特殊结构。三大从句分别是名词性从句，形容词性从句和副词性从句。名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句，。形容词性从句也就是常说的定语从句，分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。副词性从句也就是状语从句，包括九大类：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、方式、让步、条件和比较。特殊结构是指强调，省略和倒装这三种常考的语法现象。以上这些就是考研的所有语法点。掌握了这些内容考研的句子对你来说就没有任何问题了。 总之，基础阶段的夯实基础的阶段，希望同学们脚踏实地的掌握好考研的词汇和语法知识，为强化阶段的学习奠定坚实的基础。 ——广东高考英语状语从句复习试题 (菁选2篇) 考点一、时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的词语主要有: when, while, as, after, before, since, ever since, until/till, whenever, as soon as, once, directly, immediately, instantly, hardly / scarcely… when, no sooner…than, the (very) minute / instant / moment, the first / second… / last time, last/next/any/each/every time, by the time, all the time, the whole time等。 【考例1】 He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. (2012山东) A. as B. if C. unles D. though 解析：A。句意：当Mary为自己的酒醉朋友而道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。as在句中引导时间状语从句。 【考例2】 I had hardly got to the office ______my wife phoned me to go back home at once. (2012全国II) A. when B. than C. until D. after 解析：Ahardly…when…句型。句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话让我马上回家。 【考例3】 As is reported, it is 100 years ______ Qinghua University was founded. (2011四川) A. when B. before C. after D. since 解析：D。句意：据报道，自从清华大学成立已经有100年了。句式“It is/has been+一段时间+since…” 表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。 “It is / was / will (not) be +一段时间+before…”常意为“过……才……”或“不久……就……”。 考点二、条件状语从句 条件状语从句常由if, unless, suppose/supposing (that), provided/providing (that), on condition that, as/so long as, given that, in case(如果)以及if only等词语引导。 【考例1】 ______ we have enough evidence, we can’t win the case. (2013重庆) A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since 解析：C。句意：除非我们有足够的证据，否则无法打赢官司。 【考例2】 One’s life has value ______ one brings value to the life of others. (2012江苏) A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that 解析：C。as long as只要。句意：一个人只要给别人的生命带来价值，那么他的生命也就有价值了。 考点三、地点状语从句 地点状语从句是表示主句谓语动作发生的地点的.状语从句，引导词有where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等。 【考例】 A number of high buildings have arisen ______ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. (2012山东) A. when B. where C. before D. until 解析：B。句意：在一年前只有一片废墟的地方，许多高层建筑已经拔地而起。 【提示】引导地点状语从句时， where≠介词+which;只有引导定语从句时, where =介词+which。 1.Some people thinkthat…有些人认为…... 2.To be frank, I cannot agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。 3. I believe thestatement is valid because… 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…… 4. I cannot entirelyagree with the idea that… 我无法完全同意…这一观点的说法。 5. Along with thedevelopment of…， more and more… 随着……的发展，越来越多的…… 6.It iscommonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that… 通常认为…… 7. As far as I amconcerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter. 就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者的观点。 ——英语语法知识点 第一点：动词的变化 1、代词及be动词 主格 I we you you she/he/it they 宾格 me us you you her/him/it them 代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their 名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs be动词现在时 Am are are are is are be动词过去时 was were were were was were 2、名词的复数 规则变化的名词复数形式 规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys 规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches 规则3 以o结尾+s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes 规则4 以f, fe结尾的，变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives half→halves 规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾， 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies 3、动词的第三人称单数形式 规则1 一般情况+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks 规则2 以s, x, ch, sh和o结尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches 规则3 以辅音字母+y结尾， 变y为i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies 4、动词现在分词 规则1 一般动词加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing 规则2 以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving 规则3 重读闭音节词结尾， 即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping 5、动词过去式 规则动词变化 规则1 一般动词加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played. 规则2 以e结尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived. 规则3 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried. 规则4 重读闭音节词结尾， 即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ed stop-stopped 过去式的读音 在清辅音后面(除外)读/t/ e.g. walked, jumped 在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ e.g. washed, watched 在/t/，/d/后读/id/ e.g. waited, hated 6、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 比较级 规则1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher 规则2 以e结尾加-r nice-nicer 规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-er busy-busier 规则4 重读闭音节结尾， 双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter 最高级 规则1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest 规则2 以e结尾加-st nice-nicest 规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-est busy-busiest 规则4 重读闭音节结尾， 双写辅音字母再加--est fat-fattest 7、常见缩写： is="s I am=I"m are="re is not=isn"t /iznt/ are not=aren"t /a:nt/ do not=don"t does not=doesn"t was="s did not=didn"t can not=can"t have="ve has="s have not=haven"t has not=hasn"t will="ll will not=won"t shall not=shan"t 第二点：将来完成进行时 将来完成进行时 形式 will/shall have been+现在分词用于第一人称，而 will have been+现在分词用于其他人称。 用法 正如将来完成时一样，它通常与一个以by开头的时间短语连用： By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years. 到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。 将来完成进行时与将来完成时的关系和现在完成进行时与现在完成时的关系一样。即在以下情况下可以用将来完成进行时而不用将来完成时： 1、动作本身就是连续的： By the end of the month he will have been living/working/studying here for ten years. 到了月底他在这里居住/工作/学习就满十年了。 2、一种经常进行的动作被表示为连续的动作： By the end of this month he will have been training horses/climbing mountains for twenty years. 到了这个月底他驯马/登山就满20年了。 但是如果提到所驯马匹或所攀登的山峰的数目，或用任何方式把动作分割为一次又一次的动作，就必须用将来完成时： By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses/climbed 50 mountains. 到本月底，他驯服的马就有600匹/攀登的山峰就有50座了 第三点：过去完成进行时 过去完成进行时 表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到另一个过去时刻，到那个时刻，该动作可能刚刚终止，也有可能还在继续。 形式 had been + V-ing形式 用法 1、过去完成进行时所表示的动作与过去的时间的关系，可以用时间状语来表示，也可以通过上下文来表示。 例如： By the end of last month they had been working here for about ten days. 到上个月为止，他们在这里工作大约有十天了。 She said that she had been listening to radio after school. 她说她放学后一直在听收音机。 2、过去完成时可以表示一个动作已经结束，但其结果仍然影响到过去的某一时刻。 例如： It had been raining and the street was still wet. 天一直在下雨，街道仍然很湿。 3、像 work、study、stay、sing、teach等延续性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，用过去完成进行时可以表示一个动作一直延续到过去某一时刻，通常强调动作的持续性和不间断性。 例如： She had been studying for two hours when her classmate came to visit her. 当她的同学来看她的时候，她学习有两个小时了。 4、过去完成进行时与过去进行时的区别：过去进行时主要表示过去某时的一个动作正在进行。例如： I was writing a letter when she came to see me. 当她来看我时我正在写信。 I had been writing a letter for two hours by the time she came to see me. 当她来看我的时候，我已经写了两个小时的信了。 5、过去完成进行时与过去完成时的不同：过去完成时表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如： They had just had breakfast when Tom came in. 汤姆来时，他们刚吃过早饭。 They had been having breakfast for ten minutes when Tom came in. 汤姆来时，他们已经吃了十分钟的早饭了。 第四点：现在完成进行时 现在完成进行的形式 I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词 He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 现在完成进行的功用 1) 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如： Ann is very tired. She has been working hard. Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing? 2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如： It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下) Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently. 3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如： She has been playing tennis since she was eight. 4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如： Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car. The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it. 注意： 现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。 现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以。 现在完成进行时的否定结构 在当代英语中，现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。如： Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好. He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。 否定句构成： 主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词 一般疑问句构成: Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他 第五点：过去将来完成时 过去将来完成时 形式 should / would have done sth. 用法 1、 过去将来完成时表示在过去将来某一时间以前发生的动作，并往往会对过去将来某一时间产生影响。 I thought you"d have left by this time. 我想这会儿你已经走了。 He told them he would have finished it by 8 o"clock. 他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。 I guessed that Helen would have told her something. 我猜海伦会告诉她一些情况的"。 2、 过去将来完成时还常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去的事实相反。 第六点：过去将来进行时 过去将来进行时：表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，主要用宾语从句中，尤其多用于间接引语中。 基本用法： 用于间接引语：They said they would be coming.(他们说了他们将要来。) 用于定语从句：The new job he would be taking was raising racing horses.(他将要接受的新工作是养赛马。 ) 作用： 1、过去将来进行时可以表示在过去某一时间之后即将进行的动作： 例如：He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.(他说他不能来因为要开会。) 2、过去将来进行时表示在过去将来某一时间正在发生的动作：它常和表过去将来的时间状语连用，但上下文清楚时，时间状语亦可省略。和将来进行时一样，它也常表计划中的事，不表意愿或打算。它还有一个特点，即常用在宾语从句(尤其是间接引语)中。 例如：John told us that Mary would be coming next day.(约翰告诉我们玛丽第二天来。) 3、过去将来进行时有时也可用在其它从句中： 用在定语从句中：The new name he would be using was Jack Jones.(他将用的新名是杰克琼斯。) 用在状语从句中：He would pay the rest as he would be leaving France.(其余款项，他将在离开法国时付清。) 4、过去将来进行时也可用在独立句中： 例如：The car started. Ellen James would be driving off to the university.(车子发动了。埃伦詹姆斯要开车到大学去。) 推荐访问:状语
从句
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